You do not have to decide on your own whether deprexis is suitable for you. You will make this assessment together with your doctor or psychotherapist. Your symptoms, current situation, and alternative treatment options will all be taken into consideration. Together, you will find a treatment plan tailored to you and your everyday life.

The program consists of up to ten interactive conversations designed like real dialogues. Step by step, these conversations support you in recognizing unhelpful thought patterns, gaining new perspectives, strengthening your social skills, and integrating healthier habits into your daily routine.

The content is accessible at any time, allowing you to work at your own pace, whenever and wherever it suits you. This makes deprexis a supportive and flexible therapy that can be used on its own, to bridge waiting times, or as a supplement to traditional psychotherapy.

Scientific studies show that deprexis can noticeably reduce symptoms of depression and sustainably improve your overall well-being.

deprexis is a therapeutic program that has been proven in practice for over 15 years. Its efficacy has been demonstrated in a total of 16 clinical trials, making deprexis one of the most thoroughly and extensively researched digital therapies worldwide.

deprexis was developed by GAIA AG. Backing the program is an experienced, interdisciplinary team of physicians, psychologists, and psychotherapists who designed the content in collaboration with affected individuals. Furthermore, deprexis has been peer-reviewed by internationally renowned experts, among others.

deprexis is suitable for adults aged 18 and older. This ensures that the content and exercises match the respective life situation and can be used safely and effectively.

Depression and anxiety disorders frequently occur together. You should discuss with your doctor which treatment is appropriate for your individual situation.

If your depressive symptoms are the primary concern, deprexis can provide targeted support in treating the depression. Clinical trials showed not only a significant reduction in depressive symptoms but also a significant improvement in accompanying anxiety symptoms (1–2). In a large-scale study, individuals with an additional social phobia responded exceptionally well to treating their depression with deprexis (3).

From a regulatory standpoint, deprexis is approved exclusively for the treatment of depression. However, the studies systematically investigated other psychological distresses alongside depressive symptoms – including anxiety symptoms.

If an anxiety disorder is the central focus, velibra may be the more suitable DiGA. velibra was specially developed and approved for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia), and social anxiety disorder.

deprexis must not be used in cases of bipolar disorder, a psychotic disorder (e.g., schizophrenia), or if there is an existing suicidal risk. A suicidal risk is present if there has been a serious intent to take one's own life within the last 90 days – regardless of a specific plan – or if a suicide attempt was made within the last 12 months.

References:
(1) Beevers CG, Pearson R, Hoffman JS, Foulser AA, Shumake J, Meyer B. Effectiveness of an internet intervention (Deprexis) for depression in a united states adult sample: A parallel-group pragmatic randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2017 Apr;85(4):367-380. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000171. Epub 2017 Feb 23. PMID: 28230390. (2) Zwerenz R, Becker J, Knickenberg RJ, Siepmann M, Hagen K, Beutel ME. Online Self-Help as an Add-On to Inpatient Psychotherapy: Efficacy of a New Blended Treatment Approach. Psychother Psychosom. 2017;86(6):341-350. doi: 10.1159/000481177. Epub 2017 Nov 3. PMID: 29131090.(3) Probst T, Berger T, Meyer B, Späth C, Schröder J, Hohagen F, Moritz S, Klein JP. Social phobia moderates the outcome in the EVIDENT study: A randomized controlled trial on an Internet-based psychological intervention for mild to moderate depressive symptoms. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2020 Jan;88(1):82-89. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000441. Epub 2019 Nov 4. PMID: 31682137.

deprexis is currently available in 10 different languages to reach patients from diverse linguistic backgrounds:

• English
• German
• Swedish
• Greek
• Spanish
• Italian
• French
• Portuguese (Brazil)
• Portuguese (Portugal)
• Traditional Chinese (Taiwan)

To use deprexis on your smartphone, you need internet access and an up-to-date browser such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Edge, or Safari. To ensure everything displays correctly, we recommend a screen resolution of at least 320 x 568 pixels.

You will also need an email address, and if you wish, you can provide your mobile number for the SMS service. For audio content, a bandwidth of approximately 192 kbps ensures good quality.

deprexis has been available since 2007. The program has been continuously developed since then and has been used as a digital therapy for depression for over 15 years.

Worldwide, more than 275,000 affected individuals have already used deprexis.

No, a prescription is only required if you wish to receive reimbursement from your health insurance provider. If you prefer to pay for deprexis yourself, you can do so without a prescription.

In detail, the following regulations apply:

Publicly insured:

If you have public health insurance in Germany, your health insurance provider will cover the costs in full. To arrange this, you need a statutory prescription from your general practitioner (GP), a specialist, or a psychotherapist. You can use this prescription to request an activation code from your health insurance provider and use it to log in to deprexis.

Privately insured:

If you have private health insurance, you also need a prescription to be reimbursed for the costs. It is best to submit a cost estimate to your health insurance provider in advance. Once the cost coverage is approved, you can contact diga-team@gaia-group.com to request deprexis. Afterward, you send the invoice along with your prescription to your private health insurance provider for reimbursement.

Self-payers:

You can also purchase deprexis as a self-payer. Simply send us an inquiry by email to diga-team@gaia-group.com. You will then receive the activation code for deprexis and an invoice. The cost for a 90-day license is 297,50 € including 19% VAT.

Note: deprexis is an approved medical application for the treatment of depressive symptoms. Before use, please inform yourself about the field of application and possible restrictions to ensure that deprexis is suitable for you.

Confirmation of diagnosis:

If you have an existing diagnosis from a qualified professional, you can also contact your health insurance provider directly to request an activation code. You can download the diagnosis confirmation form here.

You can submit your prescription to your health insurance provider yourself. This can be done the traditional way by mail. However, many health insurance companies now also offer an online portal where you can upload your prescription, which often speeds up processing.

If your doctor issues an e-prescription, ask for a patient printout for redeeming a DiGA. In medical practices, this is also referred to as an "e-prescription paper token." You can easily upload this printout or a traditional prescription using our free prescription service. We will then handle the submission to your health insurance provider for you – simple and straightforward.

If you are already using the gematik e-prescription app or your health insurance company's e-prescription app, you can also submit your prescription for deprexis through it.

Publicly insured

Public health insurance providers cover the costs of deprexis in full if you receive a statutory prescription from your doctor or psychotherapist.

Privately insured

Private health insurance companies also frequently cover the costs. To be on the safe side, you can submit a cost estimate to your insurance provider in advance. You can download the cost estimate form here.

Self-payment

If your insurance does not cover the costs or if you wish to use deprexis without a prescription, you can also purchase it directly as a self-payer. The cost for a license with a 90-day term is 297,50 € including 19% VAT.

deprexis is listed as a Digital Health Application (DiGA) with the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM). For you, this means that if you have a corresponding diagnosis or a suspected diagnosis, all public health insurance providers in Germany will generally cover the costs of the online therapy program.

Many private health insurance companies also cover the costs of deprexis. Before you begin using the program, please check directly with your private health insurance provider to confirm whether and to what extent reimbursement is available.

Many affected individuals are unsure of how to bring up mental health issues with their doctor. These tips can help you prepare for the conversation and find the right words to describe your situation.

You could say:

• "I’m finding it difficult to put my symptoms into words right now, but I’ve noticed that I’m struggling with my mental health."
• "I am currently looking for additional psychological support."
• "I’ve heard about digital therapy programs and would like to talk about deprexis."
• "I don’t have a therapy slot yet and would like to make good use of the waiting time."

It is completely normal to feel unsure or anxious before conversations like this. It is okay to take your time, ask questions, or voice when you are finding something difficult. We recommend writing down one or two points that are important to you before your appointment. You can speak openly with your doctor about your current situation and the challenges you are facing. Most professionals are very familiar with these types of conversations. It is also a good idea to bring the deprexis information sheet to your appointment so you can review it together.

Yes, deprexis can generally be prescribed multiple times. A follow-up prescription is even recommended if you continue to benefit from using the program or wish to extend your treatment.

Since deprexis is listed as a Digital Health Application (DiGA) with the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), all public health insurance providers in Germany will generally cover the costs for subsequent prescriptions – provided that a corresponding diagnosis is still present.

Each prescription is valid for 90 days. If you wish to use deprexis beyond this period, you should request a follow-up prescription from your doctor's office well before your access expires. Once your access has expired, all data within the program will be permanently and irreversibly deleted.

If your doctor or therapist issues an e-prescription for deprexis, it is best to ask for a printed paper copy to redeem the DiGA (Digital Health Application). In the doctor's office, this printout is often referred to as an "E-Rezept-Papiertoken" (e-prescription paper token) or "Patientenausdruck" (patient printout).

You can easily upload this printout using our free prescription service. We will then handle the submission to your health insurance provider and request your activation code on your behalf. For many people, this is the most straightforward option.

Please note: Unfortunately, this prescription service is currently not available for certain health insurance providers (AOK Nordost, AOK Nordwest, AOK Hessen, BKK firmus, BAHN-BKK, and Heimat Krankenkasse).

Alternatively, you can submit your e-prescription directly via the gematik E-Rezept app or your health insurance provider's e-prescription app. Several health insurance providers already fully support this option. You can find more details about the gematik redemption process for deprexis here.

As soon as you receive the activation code from your health insurance provider, you can redeem it on this website and get started with deprexis right away.

If you have any technical questions, simply send an email to our deprexis support team at info@deprexis.de. We are happy to help and will make sure you have a smooth experience.

• Get a prescription: Secure a prescription for deprexis from your doctor or a therapeutic practice.
• Submit your prescription: Send the prescription to your health insurance provider or simply use the free prescription service on the deprexis website.
• Receive your activation code: Your health insurance provider will then send you your personal activation code.
• Enter the code & create an account: Enter the code on the registration page of the website. Follow the instructions to set up your account. Important: Please make sure to enter your email address correctly.
• Confirm your registration: You will receive a confirmation email. Click the link inside this email to activate your account.
• Log in: Once you have confirmed the link, your access is active. Simply log in with your credentials (email and password) at deprexis .

You will not find deprexis in the app store because it is not a traditional smartphone app. The application operates as a web-based program that you can easily access via the browser on your phone, tablet, or computer.

The web-based application meets the highest data protection standards. Since no installation via app stores is required, additional dependencies on third-party providers are eliminated. Your sensitive health data is processed directly via secure and certified server infrastructures, ensuring maximum control and security.

Convert the 16-digit code you received from your health insurance provider into your personal activation key to unlock it (this is a one-time process).

Redeem code: https://deprexis.com/de-de/aktivieren

You will only need your activation key (the combination of letters and numbers) once for your registration. Later, you will simply log in using the email address and password you chose during registration.

When logging in, please make sure to enter your details correctly (keep in mind that passwords are case-sensitive). If you have forgotten your password, you can reset it using the "Request password" function.

To complete your registration, it is essential to click the link in the confirmation email. Please note that this link expires after a certain period. You can request a new link here: https://deprexis.broca.io/de-DE/confirmation/email/request.

If you continue to experience issues with registration or logging in, please feel free to contact our support team at info@deprexis.de.

No problem! If you have forgotten your password, you can reset it here:

Reset password

To provide feedback or submit a complaint, please use our contact form. We welcome your feedback.

If you have any questions about the content of deprexis, please feel free to contact our support team via the contact form.

deprexis is a comprehensive, interactive therapy program that offers a wide variety of exercises and content for individuals affected by depression. Here is an overview for you:

Behavioral activation

• Explanation of the connection between fulfilling, reinforcing activities and depression.
• Introduction to the concept of basic psychological needs (e.g., competence, autonomy, social connectedness).

Cognitive restructuring

• Explanation of how to manage automatic thoughts and cognitive distortions that fuel depression (e.g., catastrophizing, emotional reasoning).

Relaxation, physical activity, and lifestyle changes

• Introduction to various relaxation techniques for managing stress (e.g., breathing exercises, meditative visualization, progressive muscle relaxation).
• Importance of lifestyle changes (e.g., healthy diet, physical activity) for mental well-being.

Acceptance and mindfulness

• Explanation of the difficulties of trying to control or suppress unwanted thoughts and feelings.
• Introduction to ways of accepting such thoughts and feelings and learning how to cope with them.

Problem-solving

• Explanation of how to approach problems in a structured way as well as develop and implement potential solutions.

Childhood experiences

• A behaviorally oriented introduction to the connection between early learning experiences and the subsequent onset of depression.
• Guidance on how to process and handle problematic childhood experiences.

Interpersonal skills

• A behaviorally oriented explanation of the connection between one's own social behavior and depression.
• Insights into how to communicate positively with others and the impact this can have on your mood.

Positive psychology

• A behaviorally oriented explanation of the core elements of positive psychology (e.g., resource activation).
• Focus on personal strengths and talents.

Dreamwork (optional)

• A behaviorally oriented introduction to using dreams as an approach to problem-solving in everyday life.

Summary of key principles and techniques

• Summary of the most important principles and techniques from the previous sections.

First of all: There is no perfect way to use deprexis. Try to integrate the therapy program as naturally as possible into your daily routine, and make sure that using it always feels right for you. Many users have found it helpful to schedule small, regular windows of time to work through the content in peace.

The following tips may be helpful:

• A designated, quiet place: Establishing a routine makes it easier to use deprexis. For example, every Wednesday and Friday evening on the couch with a cup of tea.
• Regular sessions: We recommend spending at least half an hour in the program 1–2 times a week.
• Link deprexis with existing habits: For instance, right after breakfast or in the evening before brushing your teeth. Building on existing routines makes it much easier to stay on track.
• Openness to the exercises: Try to engage with the exercises and content with an open mind and without any pressure to perform.
• A "therapy journal": Write down the insights from deprexis that are particularly important to you in a dedicated notebook.
• Use reminders mindfully: Calendar entries or reminders can serve as a gentle invitation to yourself to do something good for your well-being.
• Allow yourself to take breaks: It is completely fine to pause conversations and resume them at a later time.
• You don't have to understand everything immediately: Some content takes time to sink in. You don't need to feel an immediate effect with every single exercise.
• Seek support: If any content feels distressing or raises questions, please feel free to talk about it with a professional or a trusted person.

Your doctor or psychotherapist cannot automatically view your information in deprexis. However, if you wish, you can inform them about your usage and progress at any time. This allows your treatment team to stay informed and provide you with even more targeted support.

You can use deprexis either on its own or to complement other forms of therapy. However, please note that deprexis is not intended to replace treatment by doctors or therapists, nor does it provide a basis for diagnostic or therapeutic decisions. Any changes to your current medication or treatment should always be made only after consulting your doctor or psychotherapist.

If you are experiencing a crisis or if your health condition suddenly worsens, please contact your attending doctor or psychotherapist immediately. Alternatively, you can also use the following emergency numbers in Germany:

• General emergency / Medical emergency services: 112
• Police: 110
• Crisis counseling helpline (TelefonSeelsorge): 0800 111 0 111 or 0800 111 0 222

Please note: deprexis is not intended for emergencies. It is a digital self-help therapy and is not a substitute for acute care provided by medical professionals. If it is urgent, do not hesitate to seek professional help immediately – you are not alone.

deprexis offers you various tools to keep track of your therapeutic progress. These include daily mood checks and the PHQ-9 questionnaire, which you can complete every 14 days to track the course of your depression. Based on these tests and mood checks, deprexis generates regular reports summarizing your activities and progress. On a voluntary basis, you can also discuss these reports with your therapist or doctor.

The interactive exercises and conversations also provide you with continuous feedback, helping you achieve your goals and reflect on your progress.

deprexis is not suitable for certain severe mental health conditions. These include, for example, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, or acute psychotic episodes.

deprexis should also not be used for bipolar disorders (characterized by severe fluctuations between depressive and manic phases), as well as for acute suicidal crises or other severe mood symptoms.

Yes, when deprexis is used in addition to traditional psychotherapy, the treatment outcomes can significantly improve.

Studies show that individuals who used deprexis alongside their therapy experienced more than twice the improvement in their depressive symptoms compared to those who received traditional psychotherapy without deprexis.

Berger T, Krieger T, Sude K, Meyer B, Maercker A. Evaluating an e-mental health program („deprexis“) as adjunctive treatment tool in psychotherapy for depression: Results of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord. 2018;227:455‐462.

The recommended duration of use for deprexis is 180 days to allow the therapy to take full effect and ensure that the results remain stable. An initial prescription is valid for 90 days. Therefore, taking timely action is important: You should discuss a follow-up prescription with your attending doctor or therapist well before your current access expires.

Otherwise, your data will be permanently and irreversibly deleted after the first 90 days. A follow-up prescription enables a seamless transition, consolidates your progress so far, and ensures your existing data remains secure. Alternatively, you can continue to use deprexis as a self-paying user to retain your data.

deprexis is an internet-based therapy program that requires an internet connection and a suitable device, such as a smartphone, tablet, or computer. Unfortunately, there is no offline functionality, meaning you cannot access deprexis without an internet connection.

However, if you do not have your own internet access, there are still ways to use deprexis. For example, many public libraries provide computers with internet access. Simply find a place where you can work without distractions. All you need are your login details to sign in to deprexis. The application is highly intuitive and simply structured, making it easy to use for anyone who can read the text.

If you ever need assistance, our technical support team is here to help. You can reach them via the contact form on the website or by email at info@deprexis.de.

Yes, you can pause or cancel deprexis at any time. You can later resume the program exactly where you left off, as your progress is saved. Please note, however, that the maximum duration of use for a single prescription is 90 days.

To use deprexis beyond the initial 90 days, a follow-up prescription is required. You can request this from your attending doctor or therapist. Alternatively, you can apply for the prescription through your health insurance provider and request an additional activation code for deprexis. As soon as you receive the new code, you can redeem it as usual on the deprexis website. Your access will then be extended for another 90 days.

It is recommended to redeem the new activation code before your current access expires to ensure a seamless extension. The remaining runtime of your account can be viewed in your account settings.

It is important to know that legal regulations require personal data to be permanently and irreversibly deleted after 90 days. If your access has already expired, you will no longer have access to your information and personal data in deprexis. If you need a grace period of a few days, please contact support at info@deprexis.de.

You can also use deprexis anonymously by choosing an email address and a form of address during registration that do not allow any conclusions to be drawn about your identity (for example, one that does not contain your real name). You can set up free email accounts with providers such as GMX, Hotmail, or Gmail.

Furthermore, we take the protection of your personal data, such as your email address, very seriously and only use it to enable the use of deprexis. Your personal data will neither be passed on to third parties nor used for promotional purposes. Storage complies with statutory data protection regulations.

The processing of personal data is carried out in accordance with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the United States. Personal data is treated as strictly confidential and will not be passed on to third parties. Storage complies with statutory data protection regulations. Data is stored on secure servers in Germany.

After the end of program use (90-day period of use), all personal data will be deleted automatically and without delay.

You can optionally provide your mobile number for the SMS service. This allows you to receive daily reminders or small prompts, such as tips and exercises, to help you integrate deprexis more easily into your daily routine and stay motivated.

Yes, it is possible to export your deprexis data. Within deprexis, you will find an overview of your completed conversations and the progress of your self-assessments under the "Personal data" menu item. This data can be exported using the "Create PDF" button and, if desired, shared with third parties.

The frequency (prevalence) of depression is high. The lifetime prevalence of depression in Germany is estimated at 18% to 25%. This means that approximately one in four people will experience the condition at some point in their lives. The 12-month prevalence—the number of people currently affected—ranges between 8% and 12%, depending on the measurement methodology.

In almost all statistics, whether from surveys or billing data, women are affected more frequently than men. They show higher rates for both symptoms and diagnoses. The reasons for this are complex, ranging from higher burdens in professional and family life to a greater willingness to seek help, as well as potential biological and hormonal factors. However, men may be affected just as frequently; on average, they seek medical or therapeutic help less often and later.

The highest symptom rates (measured in screenings) are often found among younger adults and middle-aged individuals, which is partly related to the pressures of professional life. For children and adolescents, figures vary widely depending on the assessment tool used. Interestingly, while diagnosis rates remain relatively stable among older adults, depressive symptoms in old age are frequently mistaken for or masked by physical complaints.

Yes. Along with anxiety disorders and chronic physical conditions like cardiovascular diseases, depression is one of the most common illnesses in Germany. Measured by the overall disease burden (years lived with disability and years of life lost), mental health conditions play an exceptionally large role.

Take the signs seriously. Speak with your doctor promptly. Explain how long you have been experiencing the symptoms and how they impact your daily life, work, or relationships. Use self-tests as a basis for the conversation, and ask people close to you for support. In the event of an acute crisis, you should contact the Counseling Service (TelefonSeelsorge) at 0800 111 0 111, 0800 111 0 222, or 116 123; they are available to support you around the clock.

Through a personal consultation and on the basis of recognized medical criteria (ICD/DSM), supplemented by a questionnaire and a medical examination to rule out physical causes.

Not necessarily. Mild depression is initially treated with psychotherapy. For moderate to severe cases, antidepressants can be a useful additional measure.

There is no simple laboratory value that reliably proves depression. Changes in networks and messenger substances are well-documented, but so far, they do not serve as a routine test. In practice, the clinical conversation, course of illness, and severity are what matter.

There is a familial clustering that increases the risk. However, genes are not destiny. Environment, relationships, and lifestyle influence whether and how depression breaks out.

Yes. Chronic stress and a lack of sleep shift messenger substances and worsen symptoms. A sleep routine, daylight, and exercise help stabilize the system.

Severe depression affects almost all areas of life. Many people lose their drive, appetite, and sleep. Some experience intense feelings of guilt regarding what is happening to them. Some think about suicide. Relatives can help best by greatly simplifying daily life and just being there for the person. Effective support means securing appointments, knowing crisis plans, and watching out for warning signs. Effective support also means sharing the burden and protecting your own well-being.

Burnout often arises from chronic stress at work. Depression, on the other hand, affects all areas of life and can also impact people who are not experiencing heavy work stress. Both conditions lead to exhaustion and sleep problems.

Depression strains a relationship. When depressed individuals withdraw, it automatically puts a halt to the usual closeness. Their irritability leads to arguments, and misunderstandings can grow. Couples can best protect their relationship by maintaining fixed rituals. A short walk after dinner, one evening a week without a smartphone, or a list of pleasant activities can truly help.

Many residual symptoms subside within a few weeks to a few months. Severe fatigue or concentration problems can persist longer. Consistently sticking to your maintenance therapy, staying physically active, getting good sleep, and remaining socially engaged accelerates recovery and lowers the risk of relapse.

Watch out for early warning signs that often creep in unnoticed: your sleep quality deteriorates, you start ruminating again, you withdraw socially, or you experience stress at work. A loss of appetite or finding less joy in things you normally enjoy are also key signals.

The absolute foundation is good sleep hygiene. This includes all behaviors, habits, and environmental factors that promote healthy, restful sleep and reduce sleep disturbances by supporting your natural sleep-wake cycle. Maintain consistent bedtimes, ensure your sleeping environment is cool and dark, and avoid caffeine and bright screens in the evening. Additionally, promote relaxation by practicing meditation, breathing exercises, or stretching.

Serotonin syndrome occurs when there is too much serotonin acting in the body—most commonly after starting, increasing, or mixing medications that affect serotonin. Typical symptoms include restlessness, tremors, sweating, diarrhea, fever, and muscle twitching. Such an emergency belongs in medical hands immediately.

Combinations are particularly risky. These include SSRI or SNRI antidepressants taken together with certain painkillers, migraine medications, cough syrups, illicit drugs, or St. John's wort.

The symptoms often develop within a few hours. If you suspect you have it, call emergency services immediately.

Mindfulness is the attitude (conscious, non-judgmental attention) and meditation is the method used to train this attitude.

Mindfulness is the essential core of meditation. When you meditate, you practice mindfulness by repeatedly and kindly bringing your attention back to the present moment.

Jon Kabat-Zinn, the founder of the MBSR program, defines mindfulness as paying attention in a particular way: on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally. He stripped the practice of its religious context to make it accessible as a scientifically proven method for stress management.

Sleep disturbances, inner restlessness, facial flushing, increased appetite, and water retention frequently occur. Psychological symptoms such as sadness are possible, especially with high doses.

The combination is frequently possible, however, potential interactions must be checked and the time of intake must be coordinated.

Many symptoms improve after a reduction in dosage or after the end of the treatment. It can take a few weeks until everything stabilizes.

Small studies occasionally report relaxation, but definitive proof of an antidepressant effect is lacking. GABA is not an antidepressant.

GABA calms excessive excitement, supports relaxation, and promotes sleep. You can also achieve this effect, for example, through fixed sleep schedules, daylight, and physical exercise.

When taken as a dietary supplement, people report side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, or stomach discomfort.

Yes, a mix-up is highly possible. Difficulties with concentration, fatigue, and the desire to withdraw occur in both conditions. Looking closely at the course of the condition since childhood or adolescence, as well as mood fluctuations throughout the day, helps to distinguish between them.

Yes, you can have both ADHD and depression simultaneously—in fact, it is quite common for people with ADHD to develop depression.

ADHD itself does not "automatically" trigger depression. However, the chronic stress and emotional toll caused by ADHD—such as constantly feeling overwhelmed—can ultimately lead to depression.

The most common side effects of the birth control pill include mild nausea, breakthrough bleeding, breast tenderness, headaches, and mood swings. Weight gain and changes in libido (sex drive) are also frequently reported.

Scientific studies suggest that combination pills containing both estrogen and progestin—particularly those featuring older generations of progestins—tend to carry a slightly higher risk of triggering depressive symptoms, especially in young users. Progestin-only pills (often called the mini-pill) and other single-hormone methods like the hormonal IUD show fewer correlations with mood drops. Nevertheless, because every body reacts uniquely, there is unfortunately no universally applicable answer.

There is no single pill that has the fewest side effects for everyone. Every individual reacts differently to the specific combination and dosage of hormones. Generally, formulations with a lower hormone dose are considered gentler. There is no one-size-fits-all recommendation—the right fit must be determined individually.

Side effects are typically most intense during the first few weeks and months after starting or switching to a new pill. Many side effects, including mild mood fluctuations, subside on their own after a few cycles once the body adapts to the hormones. However, if they persist or worsen, you should always seek medical advice.

Multiple typical symptoms must be present for at least two weeks, including at least one core symptom (low mood or loss of interest/pleasure). The symptoms must significantly impair daily life, and other causes must be ruled out.

The ICD-11 phrases the criteria more clearly, places greater emphasis on daily impairment and intensity, and structures the symptoms slightly differently than the ICD-10. This makes the determination more reliable.

Yes. Family doctors are often the first point of contact. They conduct the initial consultation, check for physical causes, use questionnaires like the PHQ-9, and—if the criteria are met—make the diagnosis or refer you to specialists or psychotherapists.

Start with more light, rhythm, and movement:

• Exercise: Walk or engage in light movement for 20–30 minutes daily.
• Daylight: Get early daylight exposure in the morning.
• Achievable targets: Set small goals to accumulate experiences of success.
• Dietary changes: Shift your diet toward protein-rich foods, as shown in the food table.

Stick with this routine for 2 to 4 weeks. Combining these habits with psychotherapy or digital programs like deprexis is usually the most effective approach.

Medications that lower or block dopamine signals are called neuroleptics or antipsychotics. They are used when there is an excess of dopamine (for example, in psychoses or severe restlessness) or sometimes as an add-on treatment for depression.

If you notice symptoms of too much dopamine—such as severe restlessness, impulsivity, or sleep problems—take the following steps:

• Reduce stimuli: Cut back on caffeine, limit phone/screen time in the evening, and avoid risky behaviors.
• Seek calm: Try meditating or practicing relaxation exercises.
• Medical evaluation: Speak with your doctor. It may be necessary to adjust the dosage of any medications you are currently taking.

In scientific studies, very high doses occasionally led to headaches, flushing, or a feeling of pressure in the face—though these effects were usually short-lived. Long-term damage in humans caused by dietary glutamate is not known.

Naturally high levels are found in aged cheese, tomato products, mushrooms, soy sauce, and fish sauce. Added glutamates are frequently found in seasoning mixes, chips, and bouillon cubes—simply check the ingredient list for additives listed from E 620 to E 625.

It ensures that nerve cells transmit information and that neural networks adapt. Without glutamate, learning and memory would not be possible.

Approved medications include Esketamine (as a nasal spray) for treatment-resistant depression under strict medical supervision, as well as Memantine for Alzheimer's disease. Numerous other substances are currently being researched but have not yet received approval.

The body releases norepinephrine in response to stimuli that require attention or a rapid reaction. It operates within the sympathetic stress system. At night, while we rest, its activity drops significantly.

Norepinephrine heavily influences our attention and impulse control. This is why medications that specifically modulate norepinephrine signaling pathways are effective for ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). The diagnosis and treatment of ADHD always belong in the hands of a medical specialist.

Du kannst dein Noradrenalin-System auf natürliche Weise unterstützen:

• Regelmäßige Bewegung
• Morgenlicht
• Stabiler Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmus

Diese Maßnahmen helfen, Symptome zu lindern, ersetzen aber keine professionelle Behandlung. Wichtig: Wenn du merkst, dass die Alltagstipps nicht ausreichen oder die Symptome dich stark belasten, hole dir fachärztliche Hilfe.

Causes have a long-term effect, usually in the background, and include childhood experiences, ongoing stress, and personal traits. Triggers mark the immediate event that sets depression in motion. They range from losses to major life changes. Both levels interact, and both levels deserve attention.

Yes, and this fact surprises many people. The brain, body, and environment are constantly changing, and the mix can tip at any time. Seek help if your mood, drive, or sleep significantly worsen. Do not wait for a major reason.

Feelings of guilt are typical in depression, even though they do not match the reality of the illness: no one is to blame! Please speak kindly to yourself and replace harsh sentences with realistic thoughts such as "I am taking one manageable step today." Seek conversation partners and stay in touch with your family and friends.

You can support your norepinephrine system naturally through:

• Regular movement
• Morning light
• A stable sleep-wake rhythm

These measures help alleviate symptoms but do not replace professional treatment. Important: If you notice that these daily tips are not enough or if your symptoms burden you heavily, please seek specialist medical help.

Pay close attention to the duration, depth, and total number of symptoms you are experiencing. If a deeply depressed mood or a near-total loss of joy persists for at least two weeks, and is accompanied by additional issues such as disturbances in sleep, appetite, energy, or cognitive function, a professional medical evaluation is highly recommended.

Yes, this does happen. Common physical indicators include severe fatigue, headaches, or back pain with no clear medical explanation, as well as irritable bowel symptoms or dizziness. What matters most is how these physical complaints connect to your overall mood and daily functioning.

In many men, depression manifests through high irritability, social withdrawal, risk-taking, or addictive behaviors instead of typical sadness. These outward actions can easily mask the underlying illness. Open communication and seeking early intervention make it much easier to pave a smooth path toward successful treatment.

The defining characteristic is the deep and thorough processing of all stimuli. This leads to strong empathy, a keen eye for detail, and an intense appreciation of art and nature. However, it also means becoming easily overwhelmed when faced with too many stimuli at once.

In adults, it often manifests as a strong need for solitude and quiet, avoiding multitasking, reacting strongly to criticism, and a tendency to overthink situations for a long time.

Triggers include all forms of overstimulation: loud noises, bright lights, strong smells, as well as emotional stress, time pressure, or interpersonal conflicts in relationships.

High sensitivity is not medically diagnosed because it is not an illness. Validated questionnaires can provide guidance (see above). What can realistically be medically evaluated and diagnosed by a family doctor, GP, or psychotherapist is clinical depression or an anxiety disorder. Only a professional assessment can properly account for all your life circumstances and symptoms.

If a depressed mood, loss of interest, and a lack of drive occur almost daily for at least two weeks and noticeably impair you, seek medical or psychotherapeutic help. Online self-tests can provide guidance but do not replace a professional diagnosis.

Yes, if a longer-term impairment is present. With a medical certificate, you can apply for measures such as extended deadlines, alternative examination formats, or scheduled breaks. The examination committee is usually responsible, and counseling centers can support you with the application.

Document your phases of illness and inform yourself about exam withdrawals, retakes, and re-entry options. For health-related reasons, BAföG funding can be granted beyond the standard period of study (§ 15 para. 3).

Many individuals recover completely. While relapses are possible, they can be significantly reduced through proper treatment and self-management. Seeking help early and staying on track are crucial.

The baby blues typically start a few days after childbirth and subside within a matter of days. In contrast, postpartum depression persists, intensifies over time, and severely impairs daily life. It requires professional treatment.

The duration varies from person to person. Without professional help, it can last for many months. However, with appropriate therapy, a person's mood often begins to brighten within just a few weeks.

They are usually most intense between the 3rd and 5th day after giving birth, which is when the body undergoes major hormonal shifts.

If your mood is low almost every day, you lose interest in everything, experience severe fatigue, ruminate excessively, and notice disturbances in your sleep or appetite, please consult your family doctor. This is particularly important if these signs have already lasted for more than two weeks.

This varies from person to person. Some individuals recover within a matter of weeks, while others require several months. The decisive factors for recovery are workload reduction, professional treatment, quality sleep, a strong social support network, and mental stress management.

Vorstufen sind oft eine Kombination aus einem übermäßigen Einsatz, dem Verlust der Erholungsfähigkeit (Schlaflosigkeit), Zynismus sowie einem Gefühl der Ineffektivität trotz hohem Aufwand.

The winter blues are brief and mild. Seasonal depression lasts for at least two weeks, significantly disrupts your daily life, and returns repeatedly during the same season each year. If you notice that your work, family life, or hobbies are suffering, have it evaluated by a doctor or psychotherapist.

Frustration and worries are normal and tend to come in waves. A depression persists for weeks, severely dampens joy and motivation, and is often accompanied by intense feelings of guilt or hopelessness. Please seek help early—this protects both you and your child.

Older individuals often experience physical complaints, sleep disturbances, weight changes, and social withdrawal. While this can easily look like "natural aging," it is a medical condition and highly treatable. Getting a proper diagnosis is absolutely worth it—even in advanced age.

Some symptoms may subside over time, while others persist. If dejection, a lack of drive, and difficulties managing daily life continue for weeks, a depression may be present alongside menopausal changes. In these cases, counseling, therapy, and—if necessary—medication can help.

It varies greatly from person to person. With targeted treatment, many depressive episodes subside within a matter of weeks or months. Without professional support, however, the symptoms can persist longer or recur, especially if the depressive symptoms are closely linked to ongoing sleep problems and chronic stress.

Yes, it can. The hormonal shifts during menopause (specifically the intense fluctuations during perimenopause) can amplify an existing vulnerability to depression. Combined with sleep disturbances and psychosocial stressors, this creates a "triad" that can significantly favor the onset of depressive episodes.

You can actively take steps to help yourself: establish a consistent daily routine, maintain regular sleep schedules, try to get plenty of natural light in the morning—such as through short walks—exercise regularly, and nurture your social connections. Intentionally schedule small, joyful activities to boost your motivation and drive—and don't hesitate to seek professional help if needed.

Yes, some medications can lower the mood. These include, for example, certain blood pressure lowering drugs, sleeping pills, or painkillers. Doctors check the medication list and adjust it accordingly.

In depression, concentration and memory fluctuate. There are days when things work better. In dementia, cognitive performance declines slowly but steadily. Misplacing objects, getting lost on familiar paths, and orientation problems become more frequent.

Yes. Talks, activation, exercise, and—carefully selected—medications are effective even in old age. Goals and dosages are adjusted to the individual, their illnesses, and their life situation.

The effects of St. John's wort are the most thoroughly researched and proven.

Typical symptoms include profound exhaustion, internal distance from work—where a person becomes cynical or numb—and a drop in performance. Sleep problems, irritability, and a feeling of being overwhelmed often accompany these. Important: If persistent low mood occurs independently of the job, a professional evaluation for depression should be carried out.

Exhaustion describes a general state—burnout is a work-related form of it and features the characteristics mentioned above: exhaustion, cynicism, and a drop in performance. If exhaustion persists without a clear source of stress, a potential depression or physical cause should be investigated.

This varies greatly. Burnout often improves within weeks to a few months once pressure is reduced. Depending on its severity, depression can last for several months. Early treatment shortens its duration.

No. While parental depression is a heavy burden, children do not automatically get sick. The crucial factor is that you accept help, speak openly, and strengthen protective factors: reliable relationships, clear structures, and experiences of success.

Calmly address what you have observed and offer concrete support. Set clear boundaries regarding alcohol, aggression, or verbal abuse. You are always allowed to seek help for yourself—even without your partner's consent.

Explain things honestly but in an age-appropriate manner. Children do not need specific details about diagnoses or medications. The most important core messages are: "I am sick. It's called depression. It is not your fault. I am getting help." This is what creates a sense of security.

The duration and overall impact are the decisive factors: if a depressed mood persists for weeks, joy disappears, social contacts break off, and academic performance declines, it is more than just puberty. Additional red flags include changes in sleep patterns and appetite, frequent physical complaints, and self-deprecation.

It is rarely caused by a single factor. Usually, several components interact: genetic predisposition, distressing life events, bullying, conflicts, chronic stress, physical illnesses, and lack of sleep. Protective factors such as reliable relationships, regular physical activity, healthy sleep patterns, and meaningful activities help counteract these risks.

Proven approaches include CBT and IPT-A. Many teenagers experience initial relief after a few weeks; overall, therapy typically spans several months. In moderate to severe cases, an antidepressant—most commonly fluoxetine—can offer additional support. Decisions regarding dosage and duration are made by the treating physician in collaboration with the teenager and their parents. Relapse prevention and aftercare are integral components of the process.

When sadness, emotional emptiness, or irritability persist for weeks, joy is missing, and school, friendships, or family life suffer significantly, professionals refer to it as depression. This applies once other potential causes have been ruled out. Please have this evaluated.

Globally, depression is not uncommon among young people. For 10- to 14-year-olds, the prevalence is around 1 to 2 percent, and for 15- to 19-year-olds, it is about 3 to 4 percent. These numbers vary depending on the study.

Request a meeting with the class teacher. Briefly explain the situation and agree on academic adjustments and designated contact persons. The goal is to ensure your child's full participation in school life despite the illness. This is a vital component of the treatment.

Take this seriously and prioritize safety first. Stay with your child. After ensuring their immediate safety, speak with your pediatrician or therapist about a safety plan.

Yes, studying with depression is entirely possible if the right framework is put in place. You will need the support of your doctor or a psychotherapist, and you should make use of your formal rights to disability accommodations, a leave of absence, and other forms of relief. Furthermore, a Digital Health Application (DiGA) like deprexis can accompany you effectively day-to-day, providing exercises and inspiration.

Generally, a doctor examines you, makes the decision, and certifies your condition. You then submit this medical certificate to the examination office, which ultimately makes the final legal decision regarding your inability to take the exam.

Disability accommodations (Nachteilsausgleich) are meant to create more manageable conditions for you. This can include a time extension, a private room, additional breaks, permission to use technical aids, or alternative exam formats. It must never include a reduction in academic requirements.

Many men withdraw socially, react with high irritability, and tend to work even longer hours to mask the internal cracks. Some turn to alcohol more frequently or engage in reckless behavior, such as dangerous driving. While this behavior can look tough or stoic from the outside, deep emotional distress is raging within. This is not a flaw in character, but a medical condition that requires professional support. The earlier it is evaluated, the better.

Their thought patterns often involve harsh self-deprecation, expecting the worst, and seeing no way out of their situation. The mind constantly loops. Small, practical steps can help break this cycle: writing thoughts down, challenging them, looking for evidence to the contrary, and planning a simple structure for the following day. If multiple depression signs persist for more than two weeks, it is time to speak with a primary care doctor.

Outbursts of anger can often be a sign of deep powerlessness. Many men use anger as a defense mechanism to ward off underlying feelings of fear and shame, which can easily trigger relationship conflicts. Alternatively, rather than lashing out, some men experiencing hidden depression symptoms may choose to completely withdraw and pull away from their partners altogether.

Yes, personality is malleable. Individuals can reshape their deeply ingrained patterns when they actively and systematically practice new thought patterns within a psychotherapeutic setting.

No. While medications like antidepressants can be highly useful for treating an acute clinical depression when combined with psychotherapy, they do not alter core personality traits or structural patterns. Because of this, continuous psychotherapy is absolutely indispensable for a depressive personality disorder.

Those affected should never simply try to "pull themselves together"—this is not helpful and only increases internal pressure. Furthermore, they should avoid making major, impulsive life decisions based entirely on gut feelings, as depression can significantly distort one's perception of reality. Most importantly: never hesitate to seek professional help!

There is no single "strongest" remedy. Some medications improve mood and drive, while others calm the system and promote sleep. The choice is always tailored to the individual.

Frequently at the top of the list are Sertraline, Citalopram/Escitalopram, Fluoxetine (SSRIs), and Venlafaxine (an SNRI). This varies depending on the country and the year.

Mirtazapine is frequently prescribed in such cases. It induces drowsiness, but it can also increase appetite.

Choose a flicker-free, 10,000-lux light box with a UV filter, a large illumination area, and a secure stand or mount. Pay close attention to the specifications for sitting distance and look for a built-in timer function.

For seasonal depression (winter depression), its effectiveness is scientifically proven. For all non-seasonal forms of depression, the therapeutic effect is generally smaller.

Yes, most people use light boxes at home—directly after waking up.

Homeopathy is unsuitable. The term "allopathy" is sometimes used to describe conventional, mainstream medicine. For depression, medical guidelines recommend psychotherapy in the form of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) combined with active self-help, where a Digital Health Application (DiGA) like deprexis can be beneficial. For moderate to severe depression, a chemical antidepressant is frequently added. Alternatively, an herbal remedy can be taken instead, provided there are no individual medical counterindications.

If you are looking for a remedy for depression without St. John's wort, saffron and Rhodiola are viable options—you can find more detailed information about these plants above.

No. There is no reliable evidence supporting the efficacy of homeopathy for depression.

The foundational elements are very similar. However, for chronic courses, therapies are more frequently combined, adjusted earlier, and maintained for a longer duration. Once an improvement is achieved, a more extended period of preventive maintenance therapy follows.

Yes. Even after many years, stable improvements and often complete freedom from symptoms are entirely possible. The key factors are a tailored talk therapy, the strategic use of antidepressants, and a maintenance therapy that is continued long enough. If one approach does not help, it is systematically changed or supplemented—which steadily increases the chances of success.

Sie geben Halt, helfen beim Dranbleiben und erkennen Rückfallzeichen. Kurze, regelmäßige Kontakte sind wertvoller als große Aktionen.

Permanent damage is very rare. Side effects that can last for a long time—but not forever—include weight gain, sexual dysfunction such as a reduced libido, delayed ejaculation, or difficulties achieving orgasm, as well as increased blood pressure.

Typical side effects of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors include nausea, headaches, changes in sleep, restlessness, and sometimes sexual dysfunction. For the most part, these symptoms improve after the first few weeks.

There is no general "best-of list," as tolerance is highly individual. The decision for a specific medication primarily takes into account the desired effects, such as whether it is sedating or activating, as well as unwanted side effects.

Yes, health insurance companies cover approved outpatient psychotherapies in established methods such as CBT, psychodynamic (depth psychology/analytical), and systemic approaches.

Ärztliche Psychotherapeut:innen sind Mediziner:innen mit einer therapeutischen Weiterbildung. Ihr entscheidender Vorteil: Sie dürfen bei Bedarf Medikamente verordnen. Psychologische Psychotherapeut:innen sind approbierte Psycholog:innen mit einer mehrjährigen Ausbildung im jeweiligen Verfahren. Sie führen Gesprächstherapien durch, dürfen jedoch keine Medikamente verschreiben. Beide Berufsgruppen bieten Kassenleistungen an, sofern sie eine Zulassung besitzen.

For individuals with public health insurance, there are generally no out-of-pocket co-payments for outpatient psychotherapy. Privately insured individuals and self-payers pay according to official fee schedules. The rates vary depending on the framework contract, region, and service provided. Please inquire about the specific fee directly at the practice.

This is a decision best discussed and made together with your doctor. Work can provide structure and social contact, which can be beneficial—but only if the workload is manageable and does not become overwhelming.

This varies greatly from person to person and depends on the severity and course of the illness. It is important that your inability to work (Arbeitsunfähigkeit or AU) is medically evaluated. Following a prolonged period of sick leave, a stepwise reintegration helps ensure a successful restart on the job.

This is highly challenging, but possible—provided the working conditions are right. It may require a permanent part-time arrangement, a reduction in responsibilities, or other adjustments to reduce your workload.

No. There is no obligation to disclose your diagnosis. Speak about your needs (such as "clear priorities" or "flexible breaks") instead of revealing the diagnosis. Always document what you agree upon in writing.

Always use "I-statements" and offer the other person an alternative action they can take instead. For example: "When you say 'Pull yourself together!', it hurts me. Please ask what helps me at the moment instead." This allows you to set a clear boundary while still maintaining the connection.

People with depression often react sensitively to specific linguistic and social triggers. These include downplaying the issue ("It's not that bad"), unnecessary pressure, or quick, inappropriate advice. Respectful interaction avoids these triggers and asks about current needs instead.

Phases of listlessness or a lack of interest in physical touch are common consequences of depression. Exchanging thoughts honestly and without pressure about this can bring great relief: "I love you, and closeness can look different right now." Plan intimacy without a specific goal, arrange quiet windows of time, and reduce other stressors. Couples counseling can also help to intercept and address misunderstandings.

Symptoms similar to depression can occur with thyroid disorders, iron deficiency, sleep apnea, chronic pain, side effects of medication, or severe psychological distress. A medical check-up is always required to clarify the cause. General practitioners perform the examination, send blood samples to the laboratory, or refer patients to specialist practices.

This usually refers to the "Beck Depression Inventory" (BDI-II), a psychological testing method that assesses depressive symptoms using 21 test statements. However, this questionnaire is not a substitute for a medical diagnosis. Online self-tests can provide guidance, but they do not replace an evaluation by professionals. It is best to contact your general practitioner's office.

The risk depends on several factors: the number of previous episodes, remaining residual symptoms, stress levels, your support network, and adherence to your treatment plan. For recurrent depression, doctors recommend long-term stabilization through psychotherapy and, if necessary, medication.

Look back at your last episode. Which symptoms or changes appeared first? Write them down in a checklist. Ask two trusted individuals to gently point it out to you if they notice these changes in your behavior.

Yes: studies prove that it has a significant effect. You learn to interrupt overthinking and rumination loops early on, and generally develop a kinder, more compassionate way of treating yourself.

Der Grad der Behinderung (GdB) hängt davon ab, wie stark die Depression das tägliche Leben einschränkt. Er kann zwischen 20 und 100 liegen – von leichten Beeinträchtigungen bis hin zu schwersten Einschränkungen. Es geht dabei nicht um ein „Etikett“, sondern darum, spürbare Unterstützung im Alltag zu bekommen. Orientierung bieten Tabellen über den offiziellen Grad der Behinderung bei Depression, in denen aufgeführt ist, welche Werte bei welcher Einschränkung vergeben werden.

Wer bei einer Depression einen GdB von 50 oder mehr hat, wird rechtlich als schwerbehindert anerkannt. Das bedeutet, dass du zusätzliche Schutzrechte am Arbeitsplatz und finanzielle Entlastungen nutzen kannst, z.B. einen besonderen Kündigungsschutz oder weitere Urlaubstage.

Ja, neben den Vorteilen gibt es auch mögliche Nachteile. Der bürokratische Aufwand kann zeitintensiv und emotional belastend sein, da ärztliche Unterlagen erforderlich sind. Da Depressionen oft unsichtbar sind, stoßen Betroffene zudem manchmal auf Unverständnis oder Vorurteile. Auch die Privatsphäre spielt eine Rolle, denn bei der Nutzung von Nachteilsausgleichen wird die Schwerbehinderung bei Depression teilweise sichtbar.

The most frequently cited challenges include intense performance pressure, anxiety about the future, financial insecurity, loneliness, and poor sleep quality.

Note: There is a small typo in the original text's classification. As a rule of thumb: If you were born between 1980 and 1995, you belong to Generation Y (Millennials). If you were born between 1995 and 2010, you belong to Generation Z.

The division into Generation X (approx. 1965–1980), Y (approx. 1980–1995), and Z (approx. 1995–2010) roughly tracks how societal and technological shifts shaped youth and young adulthood during those eras:

• Generation X experienced digitization gradually, well into their adult lives.
• Generation Y witnessed the dawn of the mainstream internet and mobile phones during their formative years.
• Generation Z grew up with smartphones and social media as an fully integrated, natural part of everyday life from early childhood.

You must submit the pension application for depression to the German Federal Pension Insurance (DRV), hand in all medical documents, describe your daily limitations in detail, and sign the confidentiality waiver forms. You can find support through the DRV, the VdK/SoVD, or pension consultants. See above for details.

In this case, you can lodge an appeal within one month, submit a detailed justification at a later date, review the medical assessment, and hand in new medical findings as well as descriptions of your daily limitations.

This varies greatly and can take several months. While there is no legally binding deadline for a decision, the DRV is required to reach a decision within a "reasonable timeframe."

The duration varies significantly from person to person. Psychotherapy usually takes place over several months. Medications generally require a few weeks to start showing an effect and are often taken for a longer period to ensure long-term stability and prevent relapse.

Yes. Getting bright light in the morning helps stabilize your internal biological clock. For specific types of depression, such as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD / "winter depression"), the clinical benefits of light therapy are well-established. Speak with your doctor about how to best incorporate it.

No over-the-counter remedy can reliably relieve severe or moderate depression. St. John's wort can help with mild depressive episodes, but it carries a high risk of drug interactions, for example, with birth control pills or blood thinners. Sleeping aids from the pharmacy are intended at most as a short-term bridging solution.

This varies greatly from person to person. SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) are generally considered well-tolerated, but they more frequently cause sexual dysfunction. NaSSAs (Noradrenergic and Specific Serotonergic Antidepressants) promote sleep but can lead to weight gain. SNRIs (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) are effective but can slightly increase blood pressure. Talk about your priorities and try a suitable medication at your own pace.

Combinations that increase serotonin levels too drastically are particularly dangerous, such as certain migraine medications or the simultaneous intake of multiple antidepressants. Additionally, combining ibuprofen with SSRIs increases the risk of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. Always ask your doctor or pharmacist about potential interactions for every new prescription as well as for over-the-counter remedies.

Stay in regular contact with your primary care doctor. Focus on taking small steps in your daily routine, incorporating regular physical exercise, and keeping consistent schedules. Digital Health Applications (DiGAs) are also an excellent way to bridge this waiting period and complement your self-care.

If your current treatment isn't working, your plan will be safely adjusted in collaboration with your doctor or therapist. There are clear, structured medical protocols for this, which can include switching medications, combining different therapeutic approaches, or adding complementary treatments.

Both approaches are highly effective. Often, a combination of both paths yields the strongest results, particularly for moderate to severe symptoms. Ultimately, the choice depends on your personal recovery goals and what feels right for you.

• If you have public health insurance: To use an approved DiGA completely free of charge, you will need a prescription from a doctor or therapist. Once you submit this prescription to your health insurance provider, they will issue you an activation code so you can get started right away.
• If you have private health insurance: You can generally start using the DiGA immediately and then submit the invoice to your private insurance provider for reimbursement based on your specific tariff conditions.

No, typically not. A therapy dog is a certified working dog that operates as a team alongside a trained professional (e.g., therapist, educator) in clinics or practices. For your private daily life, you would acquire a regular dog. While it won't be officially recognized as a therapy dog, its presence can still provide immense support.

Your private companion dog does not require any official certification. However, it absolutely needs basic training at a dog school. There, both of you will learn how to navigate daily life safely and confidently, and how the dog can learn to settle down. Obedience is essential so that the dog brings relief to your routine rather than adding stress.

No, health insurance does not cover the costs for a private companion dog intended for emotional support.

Safety always comes first: in the event of an acute danger to yourself or others, the emergency services can always be reached at 112. Additionally, the TelefonSeelsorge (Crisis Helpline) offers free, anonymous help around the clock. You can reach them at 0800 111 0 111, 0800 111 0 222, or via the Europe-wide number 116 123. Counseling is also available online through their platform. Local crisis services and other counseling centers that can quickly support you can be found via the Stiftung Deutsche Depressionshilfe (German Depression Aid Foundation).

On depressive days, when every single action requires immense effort, you should radically shorten your plan to three small steps: get up, wash up, get 10 minutes of light, and then go outside for 10 minutes. Afterward, have a small meal and reach out to a friend or family member. Every step counts. The absolute golden rule is to set the bar extremely low.

Choose distractions that do not overwhelm you. Suitable options include taking a warm shower, listening to music or a calming podcast, doing a light household chore, or spending a few moments in the garden or on the balcony. It is crucial to avoid sensory overload.

Yes, many people also experience emotional relief from creative activities when dealing with anxiety.

That can happen. If it does, put the artwork aside immediately. Consciously end the creative process and do something that makes you feel comfortable and good.

The breath anchor, the 5-senses exercise, and the 3-minute breathing space are best suited for everyday life. These mindfulness exercises require no equipment and fit perfectly into mini-breaks—whether you are on the go, at the office, or at home.

In the morning, doing a body scan in bed or counting ten exhalations is a great routine. At the workplace, mini body scans while sitting, letting your shoulders drop, and the 3-minute breathing space help—all instructions can be found above.

Mindfulness exercises are not a substitute for psychotherapy, which is central to the treatment of depression. However, they have been proven to reduce relapses in recurrent depression and are well-suited as a complementary practice.

No, that is a common misunderstanding. Mindfulness is an extremely important tool in your resilience training because it helps you recognize the present moment and calm yourself down. Resilience, on the other hand, is the overarching process of successful adaptation and recovery following stress, as well as the mental strength itself. Therefore, mindfulness is a powerful component of resilience, but not the whole picture.

The good news is that many people notice the first positive effects after just two to four weeks of short, daily practice sessions. This manifests as better self-awareness, a stronger sense of agency, and often a more restful sleep. While scientific analyses only demonstrate small to moderate effects, it is the consistency of the practice that ultimately makes the difference.

Yes, breathing exercises are proven to help, but only when practiced in the right dosage. Studies show that short sessions under five minutes are often not enough to sustainably calm the nervous system. To achieve the best results, it is advisable to integrate multiple sessions lasting at least five minutes into your daily routine over the course of several weeks.